Offshore wind farms – challenges, risks and opportunities for building more resilient national energy systems

The energy transition is a pathway toward transformation of the global energy sector from fossil-based to zero-carbon by the second half of this century. Renewable energy and energy efficiency measures can potentially achieve 90% of the required carbon reductions. In 2021, the European Commission adopted “Fit for 55”, a set of policy proposals preparing the implementation of the European Green Deal. This package proposes to increase Renewable Energy Directive’s (RED) renewables target to 40 percent by 2030. Wind and solar energy have become the lowest-cost renewable alternatives that are going to dominate the power supply matrix in many countries worldwide.